Installation for drying waste, in particular wastewater purifying sludge

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns an installation for drying pasty or powdery products such as in particular waste and more particularly sludge derived from wastewater purifying stations, in a chamber receiving the products to be dried and which is provided with means for turning over and driving forward said products. Said installation is characterized in that it comprises a greenhouse with translucent or transparent walls ( 1 ), erected on a slab or floor ( 2 ) whereon is deposited the bed ( 3 ) of products to be dried, said slab being equipped with means for turning over and driving forward the sludge and several wind machines ( 4 ) generating energy which is degraded in the form of heat which is restored in the slab ( 2 ) whereon is spread the bed of products to be dried ( 3 ).

The present invention relates to the drying of waste, particularly of sludge from water purifying treatment, and it proposes to provide a drying device employing two renewable energy sources: solar energy and wind energy.

This invention applies in particular, without being limited thereby, to the drying of biological sludge from urban and/or industrial wastewater purifying stations.

The present invention is vitally important at a time when, throughout the world, research and applications are being developed on techniques which serve to conserve fossil energy resources and to control global warming due to the greenhouse effect.

A person skilled in the art knows that purification sludge is an inevitable waste produced by water treatment: every individual produces an average of 20 kilograms per year thereof, representing more than 10 million metric tons per year for Europe, expressed as dry matter, representing a 5 times larger figure when applied to so-called wet sludge, which consists of 20% dry matter and 80% water.

At the present time, this sludge can be disposed of in several ways, in particular: dumping, incineration and agricultural spreading. However, owing to numerous constraints (in particular technical, health, regulatory) these sludge disposal systems are increasingly complex, hence increasingly expensive, and even liable to criticism and indeed prohibited locally.

At all events, drying the sludge is an unavoidable step in the wastewater treatment system, because it serves to reduce the volumes to be stored by a factor of 4, facilitating transport and disposal. This drying clearly represents a rapidly growing market today.

The prior art in this field can be summarized as follows:

-   -   Thermal drying: this technique uses conventional energy (gas,         oil, electricity) as well as specific equipment to transfer         energy to the sludge and to evaporate the water present therein.         The application of this technique requires large-scale         installations, incurring large investments and consuming         colossal amounts of energy (1 megawatt per metric ton of water         evaporated) which also generate highly polluted condensates         which must then be retreated at considerable expense.     -   Composting: this natural, long-established method, using         thermophilic fermentation of the carbonaceous organic matter in         the presence of air, causes a heat release that permits partial         dehydration of the water present in the sludge. This is a simple         method, easy to apply, economical, and capable of yielding a         high-grade product. However, it is ineffective for reducing the         volume of the sludge, because the drying is only partial and         requires the addition of structuring co-products (bark, sawdust,         green waste, etc).     -   Solar drying: this technique is starting to be developed in the         field of sludge drying because it is suitable for building         simple, economical and ecological installations. However, it         presents the major drawback of requiring large greenhouse areas,         incurring very large and hence costly investments, as well as         problems of layout, thus being limited to rural areas and         low-capacity stations.

So far, it has not been possible, on an industrial scale, to build drying installations that make use of wind energy. This is because the generation of energy by wind generator to supply a conventional sludge drying installation is uncompetitive. Furthermore, hybrid solutions (gas compression, heat pumps) have limited capacity and are only feasible for very small installations. A further drawback of wind energy is that it is not constantly available, therefore requiring oversized drying equipment (by a factor of at least 2), which would lead to uncompetitive solutions.

Based on that prior art, the present invention proposes a solution that corrects the above mentioned drawbacks, while permitting the construction of competitive sludge drying installations, of limited area, consuming no other energy than renewable energies, and permitting an effective reduction of the sludge volume.

This technical problem is solved by a device for drying pasty or powdery products such as waste and more particularly sludge from wastewater purifying stations, in a chamber receiving the products to be dried, and which is provided with means for turning over and routing said products, this device being characterized in that it comprises a translucent or transparent greenhouse, erected on a slab upon which the bed of products to be dried is deposited, this slab being equipped with said turning over and routing means, and further comprises one or more wind generators generating energy which is degraded in the form of heat which is restored in the slab upon which the bed of products to be dried is spread.

As may be understood, the device according to the invention allows drying at the surface and at the bottom portion of the product to be dried, by implementing two drying techniques respectively:

-   -   solar drying, which is obtained by heating the surface of the         bed of products to be dried, by the solar radiation passing         through the transparent or translucent walls of the greenhouse;     -   wind drying: wind generators generate energy for heating the         bottom portion of the products to be dried. This effect can be         obtained:         -   either simply by a wind generator generating electricity             that supplies resistors embedded in the slab supporting the             greenhouse;         -   or in a more complex manner, by using a heat pump which is             actuated by the wind generators, the hot source heating the             slab and the cold source being used to lower the moisture             content of the scavenging air.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear from the description provided below with reference to the drawings appended hereto in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an embodiment of an installation according to the invention, and

FIG. 2 is an elevation view showing a variant of this installation.

Reference should be made first to FIG. 1. In this figure, it may be observed that, in this non-limiting embodiment, the drying installation according to the invention comprises:

-   -   a greenhouse 1 having walls made of translucent or transparent         plastic, allowing the passage of solar radiation and resting on         a heating slab or floor 2 upon which the bed 3 of products to be         dried is spread, for example biological sludge from water         purifying stations. The products to be dried are disposed in a         thin layer, that is with a thickness of about 20 to 100 cm. As         mentioned below, this floor 2 further comprises means for         turning over and routing the products to be dried, and     -   at least one wind generator 4 generating energy restored in the         form of heat for heating the slab 2.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the wind generators such as 4 generate electricity to supply a battery of electrical resistors embedded in the slab 2 and capable of dissipating, in this slab, the maximum power supplied by the wind generators.

The installation further comprises ventilation means combining natural ventilation with intermittent forced ventilation. It also comprises regulating means comprising sensors measuring the temperature of the sludge 3 to be dried, the air temperature respectively inside and outside the greenhouse 1 and the humidity of this air, these various sensors (not shown in the drawings because they are conventional means well known to a person skilled in the art) actuating mobile louvers 5 and 6 which are provided on the walls of the greenhouse, respectively at the bottom and top portion thereof, in order to regulate the natural convection which removes the moisture-laden air, either naturally or by forced ventilation. This system can be supplemented by programming and automation means, making it possible, for example, to program a week of operation.

As regards the means which are provided in the heating slab or floor 2, for the turning over and routing of the product to be dried, they can be provided, for example, in the form of rotating rollers, equipped with toothed harrows serving to break up the bed of sludge to be dried 3, transporting said sludge from the inlet to the outlet of the greenhouse, while turning it over and aerating it.

The equipment of the installation according to the invention described above, which provides, on the one hand, the turning over and routing of the product to be dried and, on the other, the forced ventilation, can be supplied with wind energy whereof they would only use about 10% of the capacity normally provided on the installation. In case of “wind deficit”, energy from the electrical grid would be used in case of peri-urban installation, or photovoltaic panels could be used in a remote rural environment.

Reference should now be made to FIG. 2, which shows a variant of the installation according to the invention. This variant comprises the same means as those described above with reference to FIG. 1, the only difference being due to the fact that it uses a heat pump.

This embodiment serves to make the installation according to the invention more effective, particularly in windy and humid areas, for example in oceanic maritime climates.

The wind generators such as 4 actuate a heat pump (7) comprising a compressor and two heat exchangers: one (hot source) transfers heat to the slab 2 in order to heat the bottom portion of the bed 3 of material to be dried, the second 8 (cold source) condenses the moisture in the air entering the greenhouse 1, thereby permitting the scavenging of this air with dry unsaturated air, thereby increasing the efficiency of the installation.

An example is given below of the application of an installation according to the invention, highlighting the technical advantages and effects that it procures, in comparison with conventional drying installations.

This installation is used for treating the effluents of a city of 20,000 inhabitants. Sludge production is 400 metric tons per year of dry matter (20 kg per capita), or 2,000 metric tons of sludge with a dryness of 20% (hence containing 80% water). This dryness is such as conventionally obtained by mechanical dehydration. The drying installation according to the invention comprises a greenhouse having an area of 700 m² and a wind generator with a rated capacity of 100 kW supplying a battery of electrical resistors embedded in the slab 2. This installation is suitable for obtaining sludge with a dryness of 75% or more.

A conventional drying installation for obtaining a dryness comparable to that obtained by the installation according to the invention would present the following features, depending on the technique applied:

-   -   thermal drying: in continuous operation this would consume 200         kWh of natural gas, fuel oil or electricity for 8,000 hours per         year.     -   composting: this would require 4,000 metric tons of structuring         co-products (for example sawdust);     -   solar drying: this would require a greenhouse with an area of         1,500 m².

The invention further provides the following supplementary advantages:

-   -   the cost of construction of an installation according to the         invention is about the same as for conventional drying         installations, whether thermal drying or composting;     -   on the contrary, the operating cost is reduced by a factor of 5,         due to the non-use of fossil energy (direct or indirect thermal         drying) or of co-products (composting), and the mechanical         maintenance and manpower costs are furthermore significantly         reduced in the case of the invention;     -   finally, the ground area of an installation according to the         invention can be half that of a solar drying installation, due         to the additional energy provided by wind energy.

It must be clearly understood that this invention is not limited to the embodiments described and/or mentioned above, but includes all the variants thereof. In particular, the drying installation could comprise a plurality of corridors operating in series or in parallel, as well as a plurality of wind generators supplying heating networks in predetermined zones. Similarly, as already mentioned above, the installations according to the invention can be applied to the drying of products other than purification sludge: for example for wet waste, for pasty or powdery products or even to evaporate solvents other than water. 

1. An installation for drying pasty or powdery products such as in particular waste and more particularly sludge from wastewater purifying stations, in a chamber receiving the products to be dried, and which is provided with means for turning over and routing said products, this installation being characterized in that it comprises a greenhouse with translucent or transparent walls (1), erected on a slab or floor (2) upon which the bed (3) of products to be dried is deposited, this slab being equipped with said turning over and routing means, and further comprises one or more wind generators (4) generating energy which is degraded in the form of heat which is restored in the slab (2) upon which the bed of products to be dried (3) is spread.
 2. The installation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said wind generators (4) generate electrical energy supplying resistors embedded in the slab (2).
 3. The installation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said wind generators actuate a heat pump (7) comprising a compressor and two heat exchangers: one constituting the hot source which transfers heat to the slab (2) and the second constituting the cold source, condensing the moisture in the air entering the greenhouse (1).
 4. The installation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises ventilation means combining natural ventilation with intermittent forced ventilation.
 5. The installation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises regulating means comprising sensors measuring the temperature of the bed (3) of products to be dried, the air temperature respectively inside and outside the greenhouse (1) and the humidity of the air, these sensors actuating mobile louvers (5,6) provided, respectively, in the top portion and in the bottom portion, on the walls of the greenhouse (1) in order to regulate the natural convection removing the moistureladen air.
 6. The installation as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises programming and automation means.
 7. The installation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the means provided in the slab (2) for turning over and routing the bed (3) of products to be dried are provided in the form of rotating rollers, equipped with toothed harrows serving to break up the bed (3) while transporting the bed from the inlet to the outlet of the greenhouse.
 8. The installation as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the forced ventilation means are supplied with energy from said wind generators (4).
 9. The installation as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the means provided in the slab (2) for turning over and routing the bed (3) of products to be dried are supplied with energy from said wind generators (4). 